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19 Sep, 2024
2 mins read

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (KIDNEY DISEASE)

Glomerulonephritis is acute then it is uncommon cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and accounting for only 5 percent of cases. Inflammatory glomerular lesions are seen in pathological findings. Glomerular lesions include crescentic lesions, mesangioproliferative, focal and diffuse proliferative lesions. When there is large percentage of glomeruli involved then more severe the lesions. Acute Glomerulonephritis […]

1 min read

HYPOKALEMIA (ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS)

Hypokalemia can result from insufficient dietary potassium intake, intracellular shifting of potassium from the extracellular space, extrarenal potassium loss, or renal potassium loss. Cellular uptake of potassium is increased by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation and blocked by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Aldosterone is an important regulator of total body potassium, increasing potassium secretion in the distant renal […]

1 min read

INFECTIOUS ESOPHAGITIS

Infectious esophagitis is most commonly diagnosed in immunosuppressed patients. Patients such as solid organ transplants, leukemia, AIDS, lymphoma, and those who taking immunosuppressive drugs. Most common pathogens who responsible for infectious esophagitis are candida albicans, CMV, herpes simplex. Candida infection occurs also in patients who treated with systemic corticosteroids, radiation therapy, uncontrolled diabetes, and systemic […]

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SARCOIDOSIS (Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease)

Sarcoidosis is characterized in about 90 percent of patients with granulomatous inflammation of lungs with unknown etiology. Sarcoidosis is more frequently affects women than men. Sarcoidosis affected patients have fever, malaise, dyspnea of insidious onset. Symptoms from skin involvement like erythema, nodosum, lupus pernio, and other are iritis, peripheral neuropathy, arthritis, and cardiomyopathy. Some patients […]