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HEPATITIS C (HCV)
Hepatitis c is a single stranded RNA virus (hepacivirus) with properties similar to those of flaviviruses. Seven major genotypes of HCV have been identified. Over 50% of cases are transmitted by injection drug use, and both reinfection and superinfection of HCV are common in people who actively inject drugs. Body piercing, tattoos, and hemodialysis are […]
DOWN SYNDROME
Down Syndrome is a disease of intellectual disability. Nearly 0.5% of all human conceptions are trisomic for chromosome 21[three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) or a chromosome rearrangement that results in three copies of a region of the long arm of chromosome 21] . The presence of a fetus with Down Syndrome can be […]
PNEUMOTHORAX
Pneumothorax is a accumulation of air in pleural space, pneumothorax is differentiate by spontaneous, iatrogenic and traumatic. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occur without lung disease where as secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is occurs due to pulmonary diseases. Iatrogenic pneumothorax may follows process such as pleural biopsy, subclavian or internal jugular vein catheter, thoracentesis, percutaneous lung biopsy, bronchoscopy […]
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (ADPKD)
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is among the most hereditary diseases. The disease has variable penetrance but accounts for ten percent of Dialysis patients in the United States. Abdominal or flank pain and microscopic or gross hematuria are present in most patients. A history of urinary tract infections and nephrolithiasis is common. The combination […]